Wooden Periscope

The periscope is a fascinating optical device that allows the observation of objects from a concealed position. It works on the principle of reflection and is often associated with submarines, allowing users to see above the water surface while remaining submerged. The typical periscope consists of a long tube, two mirrors (or prisms), and an eyepiece. The mirrors are positioned at an angle of 45 degrees, enabling light from the object above to reflect down through the tube to the viewer’s eye. This simple yet effective design provides a clear line of sight without exposing the observer’s location.

In terms of its working model, the periscope operates based on the laws of reflection, which state that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. When light rays travel from an object, they hit the first mirror and reflect toward the second mirror, which then directs the rays to the observer’s eye. This arrangement allows the periscope to circumvent obstacles, giving the user a vantage point that may not be directly accessible. Periscopes can be adjusted in various ways, enabling them to view objects at different heights or distances, making them versatile tools in both military and civilian contexts.

Periscopes are not limited to submarines; they also have applications in various fields including photography, surveillance, and even in certain scientific instruments. Modern versions feature advanced optics, digital displays, and the ability to incorporate cameras, thereby enhancing their functionality. The basic design remains a brilliant example of how simple principles of physics can be utilized to construct complex devices that serve significant purposes, reinforcing the importance of understanding fundamental optical concepts in physics, while also prompting innovation in observation technologies.