Solar Water Heater Model

A solar water heater model uses sun energy to heat water for domestic use, such as bathing, cleaning, or heating purposes. The system typically consists of the following main components:

1. Solar Collector:
   • This is usually placed on the roof or in an area that receives maximum sunlight. It captures solar radiation and converts it into heat.
   • The collector is often made of copper or another heat-conducting material with a dark surface that absorbs sunlight efficiently.
2. Absorber Plate:
   • Inside the solar collector, there is an absorber plate that absorbs sunlight and converts it into heat. The plate is generally painted black to increase its efficiency in absorbing sunlight.
3. Heat Transfer Fluid (Water ):
   • Water is circulated through pipes in the collector, where it absorbs the heat from the absorber plate. The heated fluid then flows to a storage tank.
4. Storage Tank:
   • This is where the hot water is stored. It is usually insulated to prevent heat loss and keep the water hot for longer periods.
   • Some systems include a backup heating element or heat exchanger for cloudy days or during periods of high demand.
5. Pump or Circulation System:
   • In active solar water heating systems, a pump is used to circulate the heat transfer fluid from the collector to the storage tank.
   • In passive systems, the hot water naturally rises (thermosiphon effect), flowing from the collector to the tank without the need for a pump.

How It Works:

1. Sunlight hits the solar collector and heats the absorber plate.
2. The heat transfer fluid (usually water) in the collector absorbs the heat.
3. The hot fluid circulates to the storage tank, where it transfers its heat to the stored water.
4. The heated water is stored and available for use when needed.

The Solar Water Heater Model is efficient and environmentally friendly, as it reduces reliance on electricity or gas to heat water and makes use of renewable solar energy.